The Russian Cup diving competition ended in Perm. Diving as a sport, where to practice, diving and losing weight Diving description of the sport

We talk about one of the most popular types of scuba diving.

Sport diving is quite young compared to other sports - and this is not surprising, because it largely depends on equipment. However, as an area of ​​underwater sports, it is already recognized throughout the world. There is even a World Confederation of Underwater Activities (CMAS).

Russia played a key role in the development of the new sport. In our country there is a Diving Federation that oversees the development of diving as a sport. And it was on our part that in 2007 a project of competitions based on diving was presented. Starting next year, the disciplines acquired official status.

SPORT DIVING DISCIPLINES

Combined swimming

The task is to cover the distance as quickly as possible, partly underwater (with scuba gear), partly on its surface (with a mask and snorkel).

Obstacle course

Timed competition. You need to go through obstacles, as well as perform exercises with basic skills - taking off and putting on a mask, breathing from an octopus, taking off and putting on scuba gear.

Night diving

In the absence of visibility, which is created by the light-proof cover on the mask, it is necessary to collect three weights of one kilogram, they are placed in random order.

Lifting load

You need to temporarily swim to a six-kilogram weight, which is located at the bottom of the pool 25 meters from the start line, and lift it to the surface using a buoy.

Strictly speaking, there is a fifth discipline - briefing, but it is not widespread throughout the world and there are no competitions in it. This is also a timed competition, in which a team of four takes part.

HISTORY AND PERSPECTIVES

In 2004, at the CMAS General Assembly (the first president of which was the legendary Jacques Cousteau), a combined swimming project was presented, and in 2007, a demonstration of this discipline was held at the CMAS World Games. The obstacle course project was presented by Anna Arzhanova, the current president of CMAS, and in the same year both disciplines were officially approved.

Like all other sports, sport diving has its heroes. By the way, only those athletes who are already 16 years old can compete. Juniors compete in the 16-17 year old category, and from the age of 18 they are considered adult athletes.

The first international competition in 2008 took place in Hurghada, the second was hosted by Moscow. Since 2010, European Championships have been held, the first of which took place in Kazan.

The first World Championship was also held in Kazan in 2013, and the performance of Russian athletes was simply triumphant - they became first in the vast majority of the program's events. Russians, both men and women, excelled in such disciplines as obstacle course, night diving, combined swimming, and weight lifting.

It is obvious that our country has a strong position in sport diving, and if we develop this area, the results will only improve over time.

PROSPECTS

Sport diving seems to be a very promising sport, as it can interest amateurs from related disciplines. It is almost impossible to get injured here, but almost all muscle groups work. It’s exciting and original, you can achieve success and big victories. In addition, properly selected equipment will help you quickly master the technique and water from a hostile environment will become your second home.

One of the most important parts of a diver's equipment is a watch, because underwater it is important to feel the time. Especially in sport diving, where athletes compete not only with the elements, but also with each other, and sometimes every second matters. Truly reliable and functional diving watches are produced by the Japanese manufacturer Seiko, which has been developing and improving watch technologies and functions in this direction for more than 50 years. The Prospex collection has many model options for both beginner divers and seasoned professionals. For example, the Seiko Marinemaster 1000 m Diver's model, whose case and bracelet are made of high-strength titanium, and is water resistant to a depth of 1000 meters. Among other things, this watch has a backlit function for hands and markers, and there is no helium valve, which makes its use even more convenient.

Seiko Marinemaster 1000m Diver's Watch.

Diving is a spectacular sport, although quite expensive, but prize money and work as an instructor in the future can recoup the cost of training. Today, sport diving remains a popular area of ​​scuba diving and is attracting more and more attention. If you love diving, then why not try yourself in sports disciplines?

Sport diving is well developed in Russian regions, and scuba diving schools can be found not only in Moscow and St. Petersburg.

Diving is an English word that in its original meaning meant diving under water. Many will be surprised, but until recently people did not practice scuba diving. Firstly, water was instinctively perceived by humans as an extreme and dangerous environment. Secondly, there was a lot to do on land: there was no time for swimming. Thirdly, there was no technical possibility of long-term immersion under water. The invention of scuba gear and the emergence of free time among people turned diving from technical diving into a full-fledged recreation under water.

The emergence and development of diving

To correctly understand everything about diving, it is necessary to turn to the history of its development. Having started as an exclusively professional activity, it transformed into a way of entertaining pastime and then into a set of sports disciplines. The following types of diving are distinguished.

Commercial diving

Traditionally, even in the very recent past, the relationship between man and the sea was built on the basis of the benefits that man could receive from it. These were shellfish, algae, pearls, fish, treasures on sunken ships, etc. Therefore, diving has traditionally been a profession. Divers provided a livelihood for themselves and their families through their craft. There were no scuba gear, and you had to dive with holding your breath, i.e. all pearl hunters were, in modern parlance, freedivers. Thus, initially diving was a highly specialized professional and, in most cases, extreme activity.

Today, the tasks of commercial diving have expanded significantly, transferring it to the industrial category. Pipes and cables are laid in the seas, rescue operations are carried out in case of ship accidents, oil spills, etc. Modern spacesuits and air supply systems allow diving to a depth of 100-200 m (with an extreme record of 330 m - a hundred-story skyscraper). Professionally, these people are no longer divers at all, but divers.

Recreational diving

As since the 1970s. people began to vacation more and more in tropical countries, and underwater swimming began to become widespread. Despite the fact that there is a lot to see in the Mediterranean Sea (there are sunken artifacts, living creatures, and corals), it, of course, cannot compare with the riot of colors and shapes that are observed off the coasts of southern Asia, Australia, near thousands of islands scattered in the ocean.

The entertainment component of underwater diving has taken it beyond the category of highly specialized activities. Today there is hardly a person who does not know what diving is in a recreational sense. This category also includes extreme types of diving that are not practiced for commercial or industrial purposes.

Sport diving

The development of the recreational segment led to the emergence of competitive scuba diving, which became sport diving. It consists of four disciplines.

• Combined swimming. Combines snorkeling and scuba diving at the same distance alternately.

• Obstacle course. Overcoming obstacles and performing exercises for a while, using scuba gear and a mask alternately.

• Night sport diving. In a limited area, you need to find and lift to the surface three randomly scattered loads.

• Lifting a 6 kg load. Lifting a load from a certain depth for a while.

Thus, scuba diving, which began as a way for the inhabitants of island states to support their livelihood, developed into sport diving. For most people, recreational or amateur diving is of interest.

What is recreational diving

Standard diving, which is practiced for recreational purposes on the shores of seas and oceans, requires possession of scuba diving skills and knowledge of actions in extreme situations. All this is taught in special diving courses. In addition, the diver must be in good physical shape and free from illness at the time of the dive. Since swimming underwater is associated with changes in environmental pressure on the body, the main health contraindications are:

• cardiovascular diseases;
• diseases of the ear-nose-throat system.

Diving to a depth of up to 40 m is considered entertaining. To make the abstract figure more concrete, it should be noted that this depth corresponds to the height of a 13-story building. The limitation is due to the following reasons:

• too high water pressure;
• at greater depths, decompression on ascent is required;
• below – it’s too twilight and you can’t do without additional lighting;
• all the most interesting and beautiful things are closer to the surface.

40m is the most advanced level of recreational diving and requires a lot of practice to achieve.

There are certain qualification categories that determine the maximum available diving depth for each diver. The practice of four categories is used in many countries where diving is developed (USA, Australia, etc.).

Table 1. Recreational diving categories (PADI standard).

Digit number	Original title of the category	Russian name	Maximum diving depth in warm clear water, m.
1		Entry level diver
2	Open Water Diver	Open water diver
3	Advance Open Water Diver	Advanced open water diver
4		Deep sea diver

Poor visibility in a body of water or cold water reduces the maximum diving depth by 2-3 times.

Types of recreational diving

In amateur diving there are separate categories:

• reef diving;
• kelp diving;
• diving safari;
• underwater archaeology;
• underwater speleology;
• deep sea diving;
• ice diving;
• freediving.

Reef diving- This is what most recreational divers do on tropical coasts. Corals, shells, algae, fish and other living creatures are found in abundance on the reefs.

Kelp diving(kelp diving) is the opposite of a bright tropical reef dive. Kelps are giant algae that grow vertically from the depths off the west coast of North America. Although the water here is cool and the visibility leaves much to be desired, swimming between the huge trunks of algae creates an impression: something between a fantasy world and a horror film.

Safari– a type of collective dive aimed at exploring underwater space in the open sea/ocean. Safaris are carried out along the routes of fish flows, in habitats of interesting specimens. In terms of thrill, this is the most impressive of all possible types of diving safari.

Underwater archeology(wreck diving) – diving into places where cities have sunk under water or sunken vehicles (ships, planes). All the treasures, of course, were brought up a long time ago, but the surroundings remained.

Underwater speleology(cave diving) – exploration of caves under water. This entertainment is extreme and fraught with danger: it is prohibited to enter the caves.

Deep sea diving(deep diving) with a dive of 30-40 m is not widespread. A diver never sets out to dive as deep as possible. A man goes underwater to see the sea world. At such a depth it is gloomy, and life hardly manifests itself even in the form of algae.

Ice(ice diving) is an extreme type of diving in water with temperatures around zero or slightly higher. Such dives place special demands on the diver’s equipment and on the functionality of the air supply system. The visual picture in cold waters is certainly not so interesting, but they also contain living creatures. In Russia, ice diving is practiced on the White Sea (Arkhangelsk region), Kamchatka, and Lake Baikal.

Do not forget that swimming underwater without scuba gear, while holding your breath or with a snorkel - freediving - is also considered a type of amateur scuba diving.

Diving is underwater swimming with special equipment. Diving can be both an active recreational activity and a sports discipline with its own competition system.

To practice diving, you must master certain skills under the guidance of a professional instructor. Diving schools provide such services and equipment. Scuba diving training at a diving center is a prerequisite for preparing for independent diving.

Institutions (schools, clubs) in the section Diving, snorkeling in Moscow

The list of diving organizations, sections, sports schools, clubs is displayed in full in this catalog of sports organizations in Moscow

Thanks to the Sport Map website, you can choose the required diving school or section according to your needs and criteria. We provide you with detailed addresses of the best places to learn scuba diving, their photographs and real reviews, as well as the prices of a monthly subscription and the possibility of online registration for diving training.

Organizers:

• Federation of Underwater Sports of Russia
• Perm Regional Federation of Underwater Sports
• MAOU DOD "Youth and Youth Water Sports School" Perm

Diving as a sport is relatively young. Diving has become more widely known as a form of active recreation and tourism. However, it was the popularity of diving that created the need to develop a new discipline of underwater sports, one that would be based on the skills of recreational diving and would allow amateurs of this area to compete in their skills. Such a discipline was created, and it is especially proud that it was developed entirely by specialists from the Russian Underwater Sports Federation. We must pay tribute that the first attempt was made by the Spanish Federation, but the discipline they developed - “combined swimming” - was rather a compilation of the already classic swimming with fins and some SCUBA diving techniques. The Obstacle Course discipline, created by the FPSR, fully reflects the skills required by an ordinary diver. And any sufficiently experienced amateur diver can take part in such competitions.

Now the group of underwater sports disciplines "Diving" includes the following disciplines:

• combined swimming
• obstacle course
• night diving
• lifting load

This is not the first time that competitions have been held in Perm. In 2012, the Second European Diving Championship was held here, and Russian Underwater Sports Championships are regularly held. But for the first time, such a number of athletes from 7 regions of the country arrived at the diving competition. For the first time, a team from Yekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk region participated. Russian athletes show excellent results, and this Cup was no exception. The fact is that the Russian Cup is a qualifying stage for the World Championship, which will take place in August this year in Kazan. Participation in the Championship poses special challenges for athletes and coaches, and the result was justified - at the competitions in Perm, 3 highest world achievements were established, which are a claim for a world record.

Competition results

Combined swimming - women

1st place - Vlada SAZONOVA (Perm region)
2nd place - Anna VEDERNIKOVA (Perm region, Air Force Youth Sports School)
3rd place - Anastasia SOROKINA (Perm region)

Combined swimming - men

1st place - Oleg POPOV (Perm region)
2nd place - Maxim BYKOVETS (Moscow region)
3rd place - Kirill MOLCHANOV (St. Petersburg)

Lifting - Women

3rd place - Alisa OKULOVSKAYA (Perm region)

Lifting - men

1st place - Denis MIKHALEV (Perm region)
2nd place - Kirill MOLCHANOV (St. Petersburg)
3rd place - Dmitry MASLOV (Mordovia)

Obstacle Course - Women

1st place - Anastasia SOROKINA / Ksenia IMAIKINA (Perm region)
2nd place - Vlada SAZONOVA / Alisa OKULOVSKAYA (Perm region)
3rd place - Natalya CHARPANTIER / Anastasia POPOVA (St. Petersburg)

Obstacle Course - Men

1st place - Oleg POPOV / Denis MIKHALYOV (Perm region)
2nd place - Alexey KUZMIN / Kirill MOLCHANOV (St. Petersburg)
3rd place - Oleg POTAPOV / Mikhail MOROZOV (Mordovia)

Night diving - women

1st place - Anastasia SOROKINA (Perm region)
2nd place - Vlada SAZONOVA (Perm region)
3rd place - Ksenia IMAIKINA (Perm region)

Night diving - men

1st place - Sergey ZHAROV (Perm region)
2nd place - Daniil VANKOV (Mordovia)
3rd place - Nikolay FOMINYKH (Youth and Youth Sports School of the Air Force, Perm region)

Results of the team competition:

1. Perm region - 1076 points
2. Moscow region - 641 points
3. Republic of Mordovia - 521 points
4. St. Petersburg - 412 points
5. Ekaterinburg - 227 points
6. Moscow - 192 points
7. Udmurt Republic - 32 points

Diving is not only a hobby and recreation, it is also a relatively young sport. Sport diving originated from the Spanish underwater federation FEDAS, but diving competitions were held until 2000. They included activities such as speed scuba diving, buoy inflation, searching for scattered cargo and other half-sports, half-entertainment activities.

But over time, the level of competition grew, in 2005 the 300-meter medley distance was introduced, and in 2008 sport diving was officially included in the CMAS underwater sport in the form of five distances: three individual (300-meter medley, night diving, ascent load 6 kg) and two team (obstacle course 100 m pair and briefing for a team of 4 people).

Two distances with a clear length - combined swimming and an obstacle course - are included in the program of international competitions, for example, they were included in the European Championships, held in 2010 in Kazan. Three other distances can be classified as playing distances. Sports distances are currently developing and are being vigorously discussed, both among athletes and among divers. Opinions about the necessity of this sport are the most controversial.

According to the rules of sport diving, an athlete must move underwater and (or) through water using muscular strength in basic underwater equipment, covering the distance in a minimum period of time and at the same time completing all tasks. Combined swimming for 300 meters is carried out in this way: athletes step into the water, dive, swim underwater, at 12.5-25 meters they leave the scuba on the bottom, then they emerge along an inclined slope and crawl through the water, at 100 meters they dive again and swim to the scuba, put it on and swim to the 300 meter finish line. During scuba diving, it is prohibited to disturb the surface of the water with your body or equipment.

The Obstacle Course distance involves the start of two athletes, each of whom swims through a two-meter pipe of hoops, then they swim together on an octopus using one cylinder, separate, take off their masks and put them in baskets, turn, put on masks, take off and swim through a five-meter pipe, formed by hoops, holding the scuba in front of you. Then they put on a scuba suit, lift the “burenka” (a rubber ball of negative buoyancy) to the surface and reach the finish line, maintaining contact with the burenka. Disqualification is provided for displaying equipment; for touching the bottom, shifting, etc., penalty points are awarded. Here the first place is no longer speed, but diving technique.

Both professional athletes and divers compete at the Russian Championship; in 2010, in Russia, sport diving, namely obstacle course and combined swimming, was included in the section of the EVSC "Underwater Sports", which attracts new types of athletes. Many divers go into sports because of the accessibility and all-season nature of sports diving. In addition, we should not forget about the excitement, struggle and intrigue, which, undoubtedly, gives interest to diving as a sport for many.

Of course, in real amateur diving, the main emphasis is on calm, endurance, and regularity, while sport diving is characterized by an emphasis on high speed and competition. But even in amateur diving, situations arise in which you need to act as quickly as possible, and besides, sport allows the diver to keep in good shape. Without a doubt, sport diving will develop, as it is quite a spectacular and interesting area of ​​underwater sports.

Today, only sports distances have some tendency to develop and are the most discussed among both athletes and divers. Both have both supporters and opponents.

According to the rules, sport diving is the movement of an athlete along and (or) under the surface of the water, caused only by his muscular strength, in a basic set of industrial-style underwater equipment. The athlete must cover the distance in the shortest possible time while simultaneously completing assigned tasks and overcoming obstacles. Distance 300 m Combined swimming is completed as follows. Athletes enter the water with long strides, immediately submerge and swim underwater. At the turn of 12.5 - 25 m they must remove the scuba and leave it at the bottom. After this, the athlete emerges along an inclined slope, starts breathing through a snorkel, and swims crawl along the surface. At the border of 100 m, the athlete dives again, swims underwater to the scuba suit, puts it on and swims underwater until the finish line is 300 m. When passing the underwater part of the distance, including on turns, the surface of the water must not be disturbed by any part of the body or equipment. For this, the athlete is removed from the race.

A pair of athletes start in an obstacle course. They each swim through their own obstacle: a two-meter pipe formed by hoops. Then they swim together, using air from one athlete's tank (on an octopus) for breathing. Then they separate, remove the masks and put them in special baskets. After turning, they find and put on masks, take them off and, holding the scuba in front of them, swim one after another through a 5-meter pipe made of hoops. Having put on a scuba suit, they lift to the surface a rubber ball with negative buoyancy - “Burenka”. And, maintaining constant contact with the “burenka”, they finish. Here, too, there is disqualification, for example, for displaying equipment, and, plus, a system of penalty seconds has been developed for touching the bottom, moving an obstacle, etc. In combined swimming, speed comes first; in the obstacle course, swimming technique comes first.

And for divers, the main motive is all-season and accessibility. Having bought enough expensive diving equipment, I can use it several times a year.

Sport diving may be of interest to:

for divers who want to try their hand at sports, there are no age restrictions, but there is a real chance to achieve success and official sports titles;

for athletes who want to try themselves in another sport;

for parents who are looking for an exciting, modern and non-traumatic sport for their children;

for spectators, because it is a gambling and interesting spectacle;

for manufacturers of diving and swimming equipment, as it provides a completely new field for modification and marketing of their product;

for diving instructors, since competitive activity provides good motivation for visiting clubs, further education and training.

Diving is a group of underwater sports disciplines.

In accordance with the rules of CMAS and the All-Russian Register of Sports, competitions are held in the following disciplines:

Combined swimming (300 meters)

Obstacle course (100 meters)

Night diving

Lifting load

Combined swimming. The athlete’s task is to cover the distance in the shortest possible time; part of the distance must be covered under water using a self-contained breathing apparatus, and part of the distance must be covered on the surface using a breathing tube.

Obstacle course. The athlete’s task is to cover the distance in the shortest possible time, while performing certain exercises that demonstrate the basic skills of a diver (taking off and putting on a mask, breathing from an alternative source of air, taking off and putting on a set of equipment), and overcoming special obstacles. The time taken to complete the distance, the cleanliness of the exercises and the overcoming of obstacles are assessed.

Night diving. The athlete’s task is to collect three weights weighing 1 kg, located at a given distance from the trigger end, in the shortest possible time. Non-visibility conditions are simulated by using a mask with an opaque cover over it.

Lifting the load. The athlete’s task is to reach a 6-kilogram load located underwater at a distance of 25 meters from the starting line in the shortest possible time. Then lift the load using a standard buoy; the finish time is recorded at the moment the buoy with the load appears on the surface.

It is very likely that in the near future the list of disciplines will be replenished with new ones, and now those who are not satisfied with the role of passive observers can propose their projects.

As a conclusion, we note that, sport diving is not recreational tourism, but a group of disciplines and it is a fairly young type of underwater sport, for example in Russia.

CONCLUSION

Research topic: Extreme Sports. To achieve the goal of the course work, the following tasks were set and solved:

- definition of concepts is given"Parachuting and Diving". Parachuting is one of the types of aviation sports. It is divided into subtypes: classic, group acrobatics, canopy acrobatics, freefly, skysurfing, freestyle, swoop, parachute-athletic all-around, para-ski, etc.

Diving - translated from English means diving, diving under water.

- Theoretical Foundations are considered. It is believed that the idea of ​​​​creating a parachute first came to the Italian Leonardo Da Vinci. The practical use of parachutes began with the development of balloon flights. The further development of parachuting is connected with the development of aeronautics. A revolution in the history of diving occurred in 1943. Jacques Cousteau and Emile Gagnan invented the first working open-circuit breathing apparatus.

- their developmental features are indicated. A new round in the development of parachuting began with the development of aviation. In the thirties, there was a rapid development of parachuting in the leading aviation countries of the world. Rescue parachutes for pilots, parachutes for landing people and dropping cargo in any conditions are being improved. Methods for calculating a jump for throwing and landing people and cargo in a strictly defined area are being developed and improved. A technique is being developed to control various types of parachutes to avoid obstacles and land at a planned location.

Diving is considered one of the most integral sports, given the fact that underwater diving involves all the major muscle groups of the body.

It improves breathing, increases lung capacity, and improves psychomotor abilities.

Improves human interaction with the aquatic environment, and thus greatly promotes relaxation and stress relief.

- their development prospects and problems are identified. In the post-war period, the main directions for the development of parachuting were determined in the leading aviation countries of the world. There is an active improvement in the designs of all types of parachutes, methods of their use and methods of training people, and a search for new areas of application of parachutes. Skydivers learned to control an open parachute in any weather conditions, individually and as part of a group, and to control movement in free fall, also individually and as part of a group.

The main specificity of diving is the presence of a person in an unusual habitat and dependence on equipment.