Skating skiing technique. Skating on skis Skating on skis

Another article by Øyvind Sandbakk, trening.no expert about technology. This time it's a skating move.
The article is not as detailed and developed as about classical moves, but nevertheless..

Skating is becoming increasingly popular ( published 12/30/2012:)) - in this style you don’t need to bother with grip lubrication; with some skill you can “dance” on the snow easily and rhythmically. There are several types of skating:
- mountain travel (padling - rowing) is used for ascents
- simultaneous one-step move (OOH), also known as “under each leg” (dobbeldans - double dance), on flat areas and gentle inclines
- simultaneous two-step move (ODH, enkeldans - simple dance) - on flat areas
- walking without poles - on descents.
The basic principles of the technique are the same in all varieties:

Effort, relaxation and rhythm

One of the most important requirements for marathon runners is that the muscles must work with sufficient blood supply. It is important to be able to alternate tension with relaxation. Therefore, you should use a technique that allows you to relax the muscles to the required extent in each cycle. The force must be generated in large and strong muscle groups and transmitted further - this can be called a central movement. In the upper body, movement begins in the muscles of the shoulder girdle. In the legs - in the gluteal muscles and thighs. Good synchronization of tension in the upper body and legs leads to a longer relaxation phase and better blood flow.
With the correct technique, you feel how the force is transmitted through the body, “gets into the push” and the body moves forward as a result of the coordinated work of the torso and legs. When this coordination is optimal, we experience what is called "good rhythm." You must learn to feel this moment - then you can become your own technique coach.

Footwork

The skating legwork consists of a gliding phase, a pre-propulsion phase in which the center of gravity is lowered into the pushing position, a push phase in which the forward force is generated by the sliding stop, and a pendulum phase which transitions into the next gliding phase.

During the sliding phase, you need to maintain balance on one ski, while the muscles are relaxed and receive good blood supply. The nose, knee and toe should be on the same vertical line.

Preparation for the push is carried out in accordance with the sliding conditions and terrain. On a gentle ascent, you have enough time to bend your supporting leg significantly at the knee before pushing off. On steep climbs you will have to push with a straighter leg. When you bend your leg elastically, you store energy for the push. In other words, first a sort of “slingshot” is charged, then this energy is transferred to the extensor muscles, which then generate the pushing force.

The push begins when the center of gravity is above the pushing leg and slightly shifted back. At the moment the push begins, the push leg should be maximally loaded. The push is directed perpendicular to the ski as it slides forward. A typical mistake is extension of the knee or ankle joint too early. A position with good balance on the ski at the start of the push is usually called a good "base position".

It is useful to feel the moment of the push and determine which point of the foot you produce maximum pressure. You need to choose a position in which the push can be performed as powerfully as possible. The push should end with force from the forefoot.

After completing the push, a pendulum movement of the leg is performed with almost full extension in the hip, knee and ankle joints. Next, the leg is actively moved forward. It is important to carry out the leg returning after the push early. It is also important that during the rest phase the skier is in a high stance with relatively straight legs - in this case, the conditions for the muscles are better and it is easier to breathe.

Torso work

The poles set the rhythm of the movement as a whole. The work of the torso is also reflected in the work of the legs.
Speed ​​is ensured not only by muscle strength, but also by the weight of the body, which turns ("falls") on the sticks. To avoid bending in the lower back, you need to lower your torso simultaneously with flexion of the ankle and hip joint, the abdominal muscles should stabilize the pelvis at the moment of placing the poles. The poles are often placed slightly forward, this gives better balance.

The elbows should move forward so that the strong muscles of the shoulder girdle are used. During the entire push with sticks, the abdominal muscles must be tense to ensure a stabilizing effect. The push with sticks is completed until the press relaxes and the center of gravity of the body moves back.

After completing the push with sticks, the hip joint extends, the body moves forward and upward, simultaneously with the push with the leg and the pendulum movement (with the other leg). This “cocking” of the torso spring begins before the abdominal muscles relax. Use the "catapult effect"!

The arms are brought forward with “low” shoulders. The active pendulum extension ("swing") of the arms creates a large impulse relative to the support and promotes blood supply to the arms. Actively moving the shoulders forward also causes the opposite hip to move forward and improves weight transfer.

A “proud” position of the body with the chest pushed forward and the gaze directed high ahead distinguishes good skaters.

Coherence of movements and "shifting gears"
In good riders we can see consistency in the movements of the upper body and legs. The ankle, knee and hip joints flex and extend approximately simultaneously throughout the entire cycle.
You must be able to “change gears” depending on the speed and terrain. The speed and step of arm and leg movements and weight transfer must correspond to the speed of the body returning to the “basic position” before the next push. On steep climbs, the frequency of movements increases and their stride decreases. The steeper the climb, the faster the speed is lost and the next push is required to maintain it.

Varieties of skating

Mountain passage

In a mountain walk, there is a main side, on which the pole works synchronously with the legs, and a free side. On the free side, the push is performed only with the leg. The stick on the main side is placed vertically, on the other - with a slight slope. You need to try to put pressure on both sticks. The ability to change the main side gives a big advantage.
In mountain walking, rapid weight transfer and rapid transition to the correct starting position to begin the push are important. The angle of flexion at the ankle is quite large and must constantly adapt to the terrain. The pushing leg should be in line with the body. The pelvis should rotate from push to push, but excessive rotation should be avoided, as this takes away strength - this can be prevented by tensing the abs.
There is a jumping version of the mountain move, which is used for starting, accelerating along the distance, and overcoming short steep climbs. Movements are performed with high frequency, jumping from push to push. The pushes with sticks are short, the hands do not go behind the pelvis. “Swinging” the stick sets the movement and increases the force of the push.

Simultaneous one-step move

OOX is an effective technique on flat areas and gentle slopes. The push with sticks is performed for each push with the leg. The push with sticks is short and ends immediately after passing the hands past the pelvis. Preparation of the kick is very important; it is carried out simultaneously with the push with sticks. The free leg is brought forward quickly and actively. This provides a good kicking position, with the free ski shooting forward at high speed.
Good balance in the sliding phase and stability ( through voltage) the press and back in the push phase are important points in the correct OOX technique. The technique involves full balance on one ski for a relatively long time. Poor balance leads to knees falling inward and skis ending early.
OOX is most often used in spurt. In this case, the frequency of movements is high, but does not lead to stress ( relaxation phase present). The upper body and legs must work especially coordinated.

Simultaneous two-step move

ODH is used mainly on flat areas and gentle slopes, sometimes, with a slight correction, on gentle climbs.
In ODH, a push with sticks is performed for every second push with the foot. The push with sticks is performed at the end of the sliding phase on the “main” leg simultaneously with the push with this leg. The sliding phase on the main leg is usually longer than on the other leg, also called the free leg. On the main leg, the force of pushing with sticks is added to its force when pushing. The free leg push is performed relatively quickly and straight.

A relatively high position of the body, it is stable, fairly large angles of flexion in the knee and ankle joints when pushing with the foot are signs of good technique. The rhythm and speed of arm movement, footwork - all this is very important in this technique. You must "dance" rhythmically and effectively.

Skating on skis, unlike the skis themselves, does not have such a long history. As you know, the first classical ski races took place in Norway in 1842.

Regarding skating, we note that it appeared only a century later, although athletes locally used this style of skating for high-speed cornering and for active climbing uphill. Ski racing is what stimulated skiers not only to search, but also to find more effective high-speed types of gliding. It was also partially used by alpine skiers to achieve effective acceleration.

Until the 80s of the last century, the skating style was in the shadows: the main competitions and training in skiing considered the only basic method - the classic one.

Pioneer of the skating style

Swede Svan Gunde was the first to actively promote skating on skis. Thanks to him, the legendary athlete became a four-time champion at the Winter Olympics, a seven-time champion and a World Cup winner. He went down in racing history as the youngest Olympic champion, becoming one at twenty-two years old. Gunde Swan became a national hero because he founded a new skating fashion in skiing. Using exclusively skating skiing, the Swedish master rushed along the racing tracks at a previously unknown speed, “armed” with a long pole (later replaced by modified ski poles), with which he pushed off like canoe rowers.

He was the first skier to begin training purposefully “like a speed skater.” The new style, used on a groomed track, that is, one that does not have a classic profile, was soon popularized precisely thanks to Svan Gunde, and ski racing itself forever lost its strict connection to the “profile track.” Athletes-skiers began to work much more intensively in training on their speed endurance, practicing skating on skis.

Objective factors of skating development

Let us ask ourselves the question: “Could the skating method of skiing become the main one for competitions in the middle of the last century?” Probably the answer will be negative. Athletes objectively would not be able to adequately recommend it on wooden skis that do not provide either the required level of gliding or the proper push-off rigidity, including due to imperfect bindings. Athletes would also be let down by outdated, leather, insufficiently durable and rigid sports shoes.

Let’s agree with the obvious fact: modern technologies have brought back to life many currently relevant sports and styles.

Technological sports equipment of the 21st century. In particular, the plastic at the bottom of the skis is extremely slippery, which significantly increases the speed of the skier. Modern “cool” racing skis have a sliding coating made of a special amorphous polyethylene, which has a significant molecular weight, interspersed with fluorocarbon and graphite.

Their increased elasticity made it possible to dampen vibrations that occur during racing. To lighten the weight, many companies use “honeycomb” or synthetic foam filler as a ski box filler in racing models.

It has been recorded that an experienced athlete rushes along a flat track (another word is inappropriate here) at a speed of up to 50 km/h, and on a rough track at a speed of 35 km/h. This is surprisingly equivalent to the speed of the rider (gallop - up to 50 km/h; trot - up to 35 km/h). We also note that, alas, a horse will not demonstrate such speed on snow.

It is also important to increase the elasticity of the toe and heel of sports skis, which fundamentally improves their properties in overcoming rollout.

Skating options

The skating style immediately after its presentation by the famous Swedish champion won worldwide recognition. In the eighties of the last century, it completely replaced the classic one in both cross-country skiing and biathlon. Naturally, qualified athletes and coaches contributed to it and developed it. Currently, the following types of skating moves are distinguished:

• one-step;
• two-step;
• alternating two-step;
• half-ridge;
• skating without ski poles.

Brief characteristics of skating styles

The half-skate style is also called hybrid. In this ski move, one ski moves along the classic profile of the ski track, and the other along a track without a profile, i.e., compacted. Athletes use it occasionally when they want to temporarily reduce the load on the body.

Skating without ski poles, which is naturally more amateurish, since for obvious reasons it is less fast than the other four, recognized by sports specialists. However, even famous ski racers sometimes purposefully use it in the training process.

Skate skiing (SKL) has its own special characteristics. The athlete pushes off with the inner side of the ski, which serves as a kind of sliding stop. They, the KHL, place higher demands, firstly, on the physical fitness of the athletes themselves, and secondly, on their equipment.

Unlike the classical style, an athlete-skier who practices CLH experiences intense dynamic lateral loads on his motor system. During the race, active cyclic transverse oscillations of the body occur (later in this article we will consider in detail their full cycle for one of the types of CLH).

Moreover, the intensity of such a transverse load increases significantly when the skier goes downhill. It directly depends on the ski angle. If on a flat distance it ranges from 15 to 45 degrees, depending on the speed, then on an ascent the above-mentioned angle increases to 75 degrees.

It is natural that the smaller the angle, the higher the speed of the skier. Therefore, for experienced athletes (and this can be seen on TV, watching reports from ski races) it is quite small.

The alternating two-step stroke is used mainly on the most difficult sections of the ski slope: on steep climbs, on substandard “soft” ski tracks, on sharp turns. It is the least fast, but has its own functional niche and is used by all active athletes.

Single-step skating is the fastest version of the KLH. It is honed to perfection by great masters. This is their sprint in the decisive stages. It's a real pleasure to see him in the race during the decisive stages, where athletes on skis rush along the track at unfathomable speeds.

The most universal, most popular is the two-step simultaneous skating move. Athletes cover most of the race track with him and his impeccable technique plays a decisive role in their sporting achievements.

Preferred Skate Style Method

Using this method of movement, the skier using it has the opportunity to move much faster, both on flat sections of the route and going uphill. It is universal. This version of the move is called the “simultaneous two-step skating move.” It consists of two successive steps differing in length, speed and duration, ending with a powerful simultaneous push-off using both ski poles.

Methodologically optimal and visual is the presentation of this variant of the move in the form of its successive six phases.

Description of the simultaneous two-step skating technique

During the first phase, called single-support pure sliding on the left ski, the athlete actively pushes off with his right foot. The range of movement is from completing the push-off to moving the right leg forward and to the side. The left supporting leg, which slides forward on the ski, ends up at the end of this slide ready for extension.

The skating technique in this phase is as follows: the athlete’s torso is tilted 50 degrees to the horizontal, the bend angle of the left leg at the knee is approximately 111 degrees, at the hip joint - 91 degrees. The left ski should slide at an angle of 19 degrees to the direction of movement, during such a slide the left leg extends at the knee by 31 degrees, and at the hip joint by 48 degrees. The body is straightened by 9 degrees.

In its second phase, the skating simultaneous two-step move changes the function of the left supporting leg, it becomes mixed. On the left ski, the athlete not only glides, he also pushes off with it. In turn, the right leg, first approaching the left, sharply - with a swinging movement - moves forward and to the side. At the same time, the “skate skier” works with poles (unlike a classic skier). All - because of the left supporting leg set aside. Because of this, the left hand turns out to be more straightened at the elbow and, accordingly, sticks the ski pole in first, and at an angle sharper inward than the right one. The sticks end up widely spaced. Between their “legs” there is a distance of approximately 1.3 m.

The third most active motor phase is characterized by the skating technique in terms of efficiency. The athlete sets the overall pace of movement with it. The beginning of the phase is an almost vertical positioning of the left pole, and the end is the left ski lifting off the track. The skier vigorously bends his torso forward at an angle of 41 degrees and straightens his left leg at the knee and hip joint. Then, in the second step, the right ski is placed at an angle of 3-6 degrees to the main direction of movement. This is helped by leaning on the right ski pole.

The fourth phase is a kind of litmus test demonstrating how an athlete can skate, effectively or not. It is characterized by a preliminary “squat” on the supporting right leg and a subsequent powerful push with it. This is followed by vigorous push-off at different times with the left and then the right ski pole. Pushes with your feet and sticks should be very powerful.

If an athlete is not able to give them the necessary energy, he should carry out additional training: work intensively in the gym, squatting with a barbell, i.e., loading the legs, and also training tempo movements for the triceps and deltoids. All the skating ski moves we mentioned (there are five of them) have this phase, so our considerations for the optimal physical condition of the athlete are also valid for them.

Let's continue the story about the fourth phase. The classic characteristics of a sit-down on the right leg are as follows: the bend angle of the leg at the knee is 106 degrees, and at the hip joint - 89 degrees. The torso tilts up to 36 degrees to reduce the load on the sliding ski and make it easier to push with ski poles.

The fifth phase is characterized by pushing off the right leg followed by alternating push-offs first with the left and then with the right ski pole. At the same time, both the left and right arms are straight, actually extended in a line.

In the sixth phase, extension of the right (push) leg at the knee and ankle joint is completed. The angle of inclination of the body increases, the skier performs a clean glide, and already on two skis. There is a cyclic transition to the first phase

How to master skating

You can learn skating on skis in a specialized sports section, under the guidance of an experienced trainer.

Reading the previous description of the simultaneous two-step skating move, you saw for yourself how many details matter in proper gliding: the angle of the ski relative to the direction of movement, the angle of the torso, the force of the push of the legs and arms with the help of ski poles, and general coordination. In a word, you can only learn to skate incorrectly alone.

For beginners about ski racing equipment

However, first, those interested must purchase skis and skating boots from a specialized store. It is fundamentally important to choose the right skis adapted to skating. They are selected according to length: it should be 10-15 centimeters greater than the athlete’s height. The skis have a slightly rounded nose. A prerequisite for their suitability is increased rigidity. Therefore, classic wooden skis are of little use for modern sports competitions. Technologically manufactured plastic models are in demand. It is enough just to carry out their first hardness test when purchasing. You need to stand on them and imitate a push. The criterion for suitability is maintaining the gap between the floor and the skis. In addition, there must be an edge on the side surface of skis for KLH, and not broken. If you are buying used skis, then you should pay special attention to this point.

In addition, you should pay attention to the existence of two technologies for their production: “sandwich” (simpler and cheaper) - for amateurs and “cap” - for professionals.

If you are an athlete, then, of course, you should choose skis from among the products of high-tech specialized companies: Fischer, STC, Rossignol, Karhu, Madshus, Peltonen.

However, you should be careful when buying expensive skis. Not only racing skis are expensive, but also mountain touring skis. For example, Fisher skis are good for skating, but for mountain tourists (where the loads can also be significant) we would recommend Backcountry skis.

There are two ski manufacturing technologies. If you are an amateur, then the “sandwich” technology is suitable for you, which involves a wooden base technologically covered with plastic plates. It is fundamentally unsuitable for athletes participating in competitions at decisive starts. Although it is possible for them to use a “sandwich” in the training process.

Athletes should not save money by buying skis made using cheaper technology. This is fraught with their rapid wear and breakage, since a professional subjects his skis to fairly severe loads for 3-6 hours every day. High-class skiers stay in the gym even in summer. Roller skis for skating help them stay fit during the off-season. Moreover, these devices have now become so technologically advanced that in the summer skiers not only train on them, but also compete. For competitions they use SkiSkett Cobra and SkiWay FLASH roller skates.

Boots for skating are also made specialized - taking into account intense mechanical loads and the requirement for increased fastening rigidity for skating. They are quite high and equipped with a special cuff that secures the leg.

Products from Salomon, Rossignol, Fischer, Botas, Alpina are best suited for athletes. Let's consider, again as an example, the Fisher boots. Their ultra-light and ultra-durable shell, made from two Flex Comp 2 components along with a perfectly propulsion-friendly HeelWedge, Triple Fit Velcro system and Speed ​​Lacing, maximizes adaptation to sports loads and the perfect fit of the shoe.

Skating fastenings are also high-tech and certified. The most suitable fastening systems for professionals are SNS (developed by the French company Salomon) and NNN (from the Norwegian company Rottefella).

Skating poles are individually selected for a specific athlete. The athlete must choose them independently. After all, this takes into account height, arm length, and the amplitude of lateral movements while driving along the highway.

About the modern ski racing elite

When talking about cross-country skiing, it would be tactless to ignore current skiers who are making new achievements in this difficult and spectacular sport.

Today, undoubtedly, the trendsetter in cross-country skiing is the 31-year-old Norwegian racer Petter Northug. This is a great athlete: multiple Olympic champion, thirteen-time world champion. He entered the sport's elite by winning his first gold medal at the 2006 World Championships. Since then, his leadership has remained unchallenged.

However, the current Olympic champion (Winter Olympic Games in Sochi) is 33-year-old Russian Alexander Gennadievich Legkov. We think that the competition between these two athletes will become an incentive for the development of cross-country skiing in the next year or two.

Conclusion

The technique of skating on skis is specific and requires special skills, physical training and special equipment. It is impossible for a beginner to achieve high athletic results in modern cross-country skiing and biathlon (where skating is practiced) without qualified methodological assistance from an experienced coach. Speed ​​endurance, general coordination, and strength characteristics are important for an athlete. Qualified skiers are in special training all year round, using roller skates during the snowless season.

In addition to sporting personal qualities, a racing skier also needs special equipment designed for a mechanical load adequate to the skating style of skiing. Skis, boots, sports bindings, sports poles - all this equipment is selected individually and commensurate with the individual characteristics of the athlete.

It is known that back in the 30s in our country, skating was used as a special preparatory exercise for studying and improving the technique of the classic alternating two-step move. Subsequently, it was widely used as a lead-in exercise in teaching single-support sliding, pushing off with a leg, developing the ability to maintain balance, etc. In addition, skating was used to study and improve the technique of turns by stepping, both without pushing off with the hands and with pushing off. The use of special machines in the preparation of tracks for competitions and the new requirements of the technical committee of the International Ski Federation (FIS) have necessitated the rapid re-equipment of ski racers with inventory and equipment. At the 1974 World Championships, plastic skis appeared, which were significantly superior to the perfect Järvinen skis (Finland), made of wood.

The preparation and lubrication of plastic skis have fundamentally changed, paraffins have appeared for lubricating racing skis, weltless sock boots with fastenings of a new design, conical poles with a center of gravity close to the handle, skier's clothing has changed, etc. Thanks to all this, in the 70s The technical equipment of cross-country skiing has sharply improved and the speed of movement has increased.
The high speeds characteristic of cross-country skiing have raised new challenges in the training of athletes. The requirements for the technical, tactical, physical and psychological preparedness of cross-country skiers have increased. All this forced specialist trainers and athletes to persistently search for effective ways to increase the speed of movement in cross-country skiing based on improving the training process.

These searches led in the early 80s to the use of semi-skating by athletes on certain sections of the route, especially under good sliding conditions.
The half-skate move also performed well at the XIV Winter Olympic Games in Sarajevo. However, athletes used this move only on certain, mostly flat, sections of the route. At the same time, they covered the middle of the ski with holding ointment, and the toe and heel parts with paraffin.

A true innovation was the use of skating as the main means of movement in cross-country skiing at the World Championships in Seefeld (1985), when for the first time most athletes simultaneously refused to lubricate skis with holding ointments and used only paraffins. This practically excluded the use of traditional methods of movement, except for simultaneous stepless movement. Therefore, we can say with confidence that the 1985 World Championships will go down in the history of the development of skiing due to the emergence of a new type of cross-country skiing. The first world champion in this type of cross-country skiing was the Swede, Gunde Swan, who demonstrated high skill in skating techniques.

The 1985 World Championships and subsequent cross-country skiing competitions convincingly proved the superiority of skating methods of movement over traditional ones, calling into question the feasibility of further development of traditional moves that have served humanity for centuries.

However, traditional methods of skiing are inferior to skating only in the speed shown on specially prepared tracks, but in other respects they are superior to them. In particular, this refers to the practical significance, accessibility, and mass character of traditional skiing.
Therefore, in accordance with the decision of the Congress of the International Ski Federation, two styles of movement are allowed in cross-country skiing competitions:
classic (traditional) and free, involving the use of skating moves. .

In all international competitions, classic style races began to be held for men at distances of 16 and 30 km and women at distances of 5 and 10 km, free style - a 4 x 10 km relay race and a 50 km race for men and a 4 x 5 km relay race and a 20 km race. km for women.

This has created new problems in determining the training strategy for athletes: whether to prepare them for participation in two types of cross-country skiing or to focus on training in one of the types of cross-country skiing, not to mention a specific distance (for example, a relay or marathon freestyle). These problems face not only the athletes, but also each national team. It is known, for example, that the ski racers of the GDR, taking into account their capabilities, when preparing for the Winter Olympic Games in Calgary, focused only on free style.

Thus, ski moves are classified into classic and skating.
In skating moves, five main methods should be distinguished: half-skate, skating without pushing off with hands (with swings and without swings), simultaneous one-step, simultaneous two-step, alternating.

Sometimes other skating moves are used, for example half-skating without pushing off with your hands. During a race, a skier has to change moves quite often depending on the terrain, sliding conditions, direction of movement and many other factors. At the same time, he uses various methods of transition from one move to another.

Freestyle skiing quickly became popular, especially among young people, as the fastest way to travel, little dependent on the vagaries of the weather.
Biathletes and combined athletes immediately switched to skating methods of movement. There is a danger of heavy loads on the joints associated with the peculiarities of the skating technique. But it should not be exaggerated. It is necessary, as in all sports, to strictly observe all methodological principles of training an athlete, especially in childhood, paying special attention to special physical training.

The focus on versatile ski training with an emphasis on classical ski training in children and youth is not always interpreted correctly by experts. When preparing in childhood and adolescence for both types of cross-country skiing, the growth of sports and technical results, especially of young athletes, in both types can significantly slow down. The results of the analysis of skating techniques and the generalization of practical experience indicate the need for special technical-tactical, physical and psychological preparation for freestyle racing for both beginners and highly qualified athletes. This is consistent with general theoretical principles about early specialization, embodied in practice in many sports.

Issues of early specialization in cross-country skiing should be resolved, as a rule, at the selection stage or in initial training groups, taking into account the athlete’s predisposition to the classical or skating style, but they can be resolved at a later time.

Early specialization does not exclude, but, on the contrary, presupposes targeted, versatile training. It allows you to create a reliable foundation for improving the general and special physical fitness of a skier-racer. At the same time, the training means used in mastering the classical style should take a certain place in the general program of preparation for freestyle races and, conversely, the training means used in studying and improving skating techniques should be used in order to increase the effectiveness of the training process in preparation for the classical ones. style.

The skating technique places great demands on special physical fitness, coordination of movements, and the ability to maintain dynamic balance. It is better to develop and improve these qualities from childhood.

Source: ski-life.ru

I won’t lie for a year, I don’t remember. Gunde Svan killed everyone, and after him came the “horse”1

good to flood

Margarita, I completely agree with you. That’s why he’s so evil!;-Yu

Class!!! RB is “pulled” exclusively by the Ladies, but the men, as always, get dirty! We have no time to delay. Just like in life, a woman thinks about what to feed her child, and men think about where and why the mammoths disappeared.

Denis Vladimirovich: God willing. I hope the “wind of change” will only blow away the husks.

orgehovskya ekaterina: I read your comment with pleasure, thank you. He also raised the problem of the development of the domestic skate many times in his comments. I hope they will change something.

Reply on skisport.ru: On the issue of skating. Nikolay Lopukhov The Olympic Games took place in Vancouver, and their results were disappointing, so now all the thoughts and aspirations of athletes, coaches, and leaders are connected with the next Olympic Games, which will be held in our country - in Sochi . Huge amounts of money are being allocated to prepare for the Games and teams are being created. I currently work in one of these teams – the Moscow biathlon team “Sochi-2014”. During this period, a huge number of organizational issues are being resolved, and how we perform in Sochi depends on how they are resolved. Therefore, as a practicing coach, I would like to express my point of view on some aspects of the development of winter sports: cross-country skiing and racing training in biathlon and combined events. Recently, Soviet Sport published an article by Vladimir Gomelsky, in which he discusses the role of coaches in sports. Of course, we remember that people like Karpol, Tarasov, Chernyshov, etc. played a huge role in their sports. But now most coaches have abandoned the progressive Soviet system in which they worked. Why? Yes, because there was no transfer of experience from those times to our times. Take, for example, the words of Sergei Kushchenko that they want to invite a foreign skating specialist. And indeed there is some truth to this, because both in cross-country skiing and biathlon we have lost our leading positions in this style of movement. This, of course, is a shame, because I am one of those coaches who created the skating system in our country in 1985. Then we analyzed the movements of the world's leading athletes who won in speed skating, such as Gunde Swan, Maurillo de Zolt and others. And based on the developments of Hans Hansovich Gross, who created a system of the classical style, decomposed it into phases and components, we created the same system for the skating style, and came up with a large number of training exercises. And indeed, by training girls such as Larisa Lazutina, Anfisa Reztsova, Lyubov Egorova, Nina Gavrilyuk and others, I did a lot of work in this direction. Naturally, we used video a lot and conducted classes to improve the technique. Also, as I already mentioned, a number of unique exercises have been developed to improve skating technique. Here are just a few of them: 1. Skate imitation. This is a continuous simulation similar to the traditional classical simulation that is now used by both skiers and biathletes. It allows you to do the same job, but taking into account the features of the skating style. 2. Skate skiing. The athlete puts on alpine skis and boots, but takes racing poles and moves with a skate. The essence of the exercise is that the ski boot prevents unnecessary bending of the leg at the joints, firmly fixing them. This exercise removes the active straightening of the supporting leg in the free sliding phase. 3. Playing rugby on skis. Athletes take bad skis, go out onto a snowy clearing, where they are given two balls. The exercise perfectly develops skiing agility, technique and coordination of movements. 4. “Catch-up” on alpine skiing. Impromptu games, relay races on the slopes. Exercises improve ski training, diversify the training process well and contribute to the development of ski dexterity. It is also important to remember how we trained then. We ended the season on the twentieth of April. After the 50 and 70 km marathon races, we stayed for a two-week cooldown. We went cross-country and alpine skiing, improved our technique, went to the pool and gym, and prepared our muscular system for the next season. This was followed by a 10-day break, after which we went to a training camp in Kamchatka or Apatity, where we trained in the mountains on snow. That is, at the end of April we worked on the equipment, and already in mid-May we repeated special training, as the Norwegians and Finns do now, who ski in the snow in the fjords in May. For example, the same great Bjoerndalen, when asked a question about rest, replied that he rests only two weeks a year. And for our athletes at the moment, rest sometimes lasts up to two months, which negatively affects sports results in the future. At that time, we rested, simply introducing other means of preparation, changing the rhythm of training activities. In August-September we went to the glacier for two weeks to improve our technology. That is, the ideology was that we conducted year-round training, which included blocks of special training. We didn’t just ride in the snow, but conducted special classes to improve movement techniques, including skating. And those girls who later became heroes of Russia managed to surpass in technique the then leaders of world skiing, such as Aunli, Nykkelmo, etc. I worked with the girls for several years, but later I could not find a common language with the then head coaches of the team, Ivanov and Bystrov. The fact is that I was still a very young man then, but I came up with some new ideas. And these great trainers put the seven-day microcycle at the forefront, and a step to the left, a step to the right of it were already considered a methodological error. Valentin Samokhin, who later mentored Prokurorov and Smirnov, and I worked in the Druzhba youth team. Then, for example, in June we went to train in Germany, and the Germans came to us in November in Apatity: that is, there was an exchange. And during that period of time we learned a lot from the Germans in organizational and methodological work. For example, the now fashionable creatine-phosphate training was unknown to anyone in the USSR at that time. I was the first to use them under the name “Multi-Remote”. This is 20-30 times of 10-15 seconds of acceleration on roller skates or in simulation with a rest pause of 3 minutes. We also borrowed from the Germans speed-strength training on roller skis, circuit training and much more. But Ivanov and Bystrov were great coaches at that time: they had Kulakov, and Smetanina, and Savelyev, and Bazhukov, and many, many others. But life has shown that novelty still takes its toll, and now all this has already become the norm. But due to the contradictions that arose, I then had to continue my coaching path in Korea, which I talked about in detail in my direct line. What conclusions follow from this? Firstly, now we really need the right methodological concept. It is necessary to hold a seminar for all winter sports with the involvement of Russian and, possibly, foreign specialists in order to create a methodology for improving skating style techniques. The fact is that simply inviting a foreign coach will not give anything, because technique is focused on children's and youth sports. If at a young age you do not teach an athlete the correct movements, then in adulthood it will be very, very difficult to do this. That is, we need to train trainers, but I don’t remember that we have held at least one methodological seminar over the last decade. Most coaches are not able to do a frame-by-frame analysis of the periods and phases of skiing technique and point out errors. As for biathlon coaches, they do a lot of work, but they are simply physically unable to be at the line and on the track at the same time. All reports, both in cross-country skiing and in biathlon, come down to listing numbers. These are reports for the sake of reporting, but in methodological terms, I think we are a little behind. We have extensive experience as senior coaches, a good methodological basis, but it is necessary to create a common concept of training and preparation for cross-country skiing and biathlon and put it at the forefront. The direction in which skating is now developing in our country scares me. I think that the vision of technology that Yuri Viktorovich Borodavko, and after him other coaches, including those of national teams, offers his athletes is not entirely correct. The fact is that in the free sliding phase you cannot actively straighten the supporting leg (double squat), and many coaches teach their athletes this. This, in my opinion, is a deep mistake that takes hold in our country in the summer, and not all athletes can get rid of it during the competitive period. That is, there are problems, and these problems are very relevant, because in skating we are lagging behind. The solution is quite simple: you need to film, analyze and come to general conclusions. But for this you need to hold a general seminar. I myself am ready to hold it even now if it is organized by the sports committee. I also consider it necessary to note one big omission - the absence of a ski and biathlon center in Moscow and the Moscow region. The fact is that now, during the inter-training period, athletes simply have nowhere to train. In the vicinity of Moscow, a biathlete cannot conduct basic complex training. I know that such complexes were going to be built in Odintsovo, in Pushkino, but, unfortunately, they are still there.

The skating technique places great demands on special physical fitness, coordination of movements, and the ability to maintain dynamic balance.

Even before 1990, the type of skating skiing was included in the international Olympic program, and to this day it is very popular among winter sports. The name “skating walking” itself speaks of the athlete’s style of movement on skis, that is, the skier, when moving, makes similar movements as if he were moving on skates.

The essence of the skating movement is as follows. The athlete, starting to move, first pushes off with the inside of the ski with one leg, after which he immediately transfers all his weight to the other leg, and so repeats the movement of the legs alternately. As a result, the skier moves on the snow as if on ice.

Those who know how to ski well can easily learn this type of walking. But it is important to note that talent and physical training do not always contribute to learning; you also need suitable equipment.

Basic methods of movement when skating

• half-skate move;
• skate move in two steps;
• skating into a simultaneous step;
• alternating skate move.

Now let's look at them in a little more detail.

Half-skate move

It is the simplest type of movement when skating on skis. The method of movement itself consists of pushing with each arm and leg at the same time, and when one leg rests, the other goes towards the approach. The half-skate ride is widely used on flat trails with slight ascents or descents. On the section of the track itself, for half-skating, it is necessary to install a ski track that will “help” the athlete glide correctly.

Skating

The style of movement is exactly like ice skating, but without pushing with your arms. The move itself can be accompanied either without arm swings or with arm swings. The method of movement itself consists of performing a sliding step with a one-time push off with the legs to the sides. The skating gait, like the half-skating gait, is applicable on smoother routes with slight ascents or descents.

Skating in two steps

A very complex movement consists of moving from the left (or right) leg, while pushing off with a push from the right (or left) hand. Here, the movement on the left ski, with a simultaneous push of the right hand, begins after the push of the right leg, and ends after the right stick lifts off the snow cover. This type of walking is used already among steep ascents or descents.

Skating into a simultaneous step

This type of move requires good coordination. This requires perfect concentration of the athlete's movement. The move itself is performed by constantly extending the legs, forming a push, leaning the body forward. That is, with each next step, the pushing leg extends, accompanying the movement by bending the athlete forward and pushing off with sticks. This type of walking is used exclusively on routes with steep climbs.

Alternating skating

On mountain sections of the trails, athletes use alternating skating. The style of movement consists of performing two sliding steps, pushing off with sticks (twice on each hand). This move is often used on slopes with worse conditions, as well as if the skier is tired and cannot push off strongly in one go.

Anyone can master any type of skating, but most people choose one or two styles that suit them. Of course, to competently learn skating skiing, it is better to first study the necessary exercises in detail, and then regularly perform practical exercises.

Where and how to learn skating?

For training and subsequent regular training on skis, first of all you need to choose a flat path, or better yet, a wide one. In this case, you should not choose sections of trails with ascent or descent. Currently, almost all skis are made of plastic, which have a large sliding coefficient, which is why you should not train on hills, when a beginner needs to first of all maintain balance, and not maintain the skating technique itself.

For beginners, it is better to choose a snow surface that is a little loose rather than icy and smooth, this will make it easier to learn how to push off. To begin with, you will need to master the first pushes from a place, having learned to push off from a place - further training will be easier. To learn skating on skis as quickly as possible, there are long-developed exercises. These standard exercises are almost always used by trainers around the world. Initially, any skating training begins without skis and poles. After all, the future athlete must first imagine how the skis will glide, that is, master the theory.

Each type of skating movement has its own training nuances. For example, if you are learning half-skate walking, then first of all you need to try to imitate the movement. To begin with, the skier leans forward and raises both arms to head height, after which he puts his supporting leg to the side and slightly forward, and then returns it to the starting position. The exercise should be performed on both legs.

During the movement itself, pushing off occurs with one leg, and the other leg should be on the bend at this time. If, for example, someone decided to learn how to skate, then first you need to push off with your supporting leg, moving it to the side, put your second leg in front of you and to the side, immediately throwing all your weight on it. But when moving on a climb, you need to move in a herringbone pattern, actively pushing off with each ski.

• Having decided to engage in skating skiing, take the issue of purchasing skis and ski poles seriously;
• when training, the main thing is not to overdo your abilities, so as not to end up with a sprain or tear in your leg muscles;
• When training, always increase the load gradually, do not rush;
• to maintain balance, train, use the simplest exercises, for example the “swallow” exercise;
• never despair if you don’t succeed the first time, try, train, work and only then will you achieve the expected result and success.

Considering that the speed skating type of movement requires large loads on the joints of the legs (in the area of ​​the foot), ski boots for this type of movement must be purchased only with high sides, for reliable fixation of the leg and heel itself. The skis themselves are chosen to be shorter in length than standard ones. It will be good if the skis have rounded ends. Do not forget that skating is a difficult type of movement, and therefore requires physical training and, of course, patience.

How to choose skis for skating

Now, all sports stores have a huge selection of cross-country skis. Usually, a beginner who comes to the store to buy skis immediately gets his eyes wide open. Here are some nuances for choosing skis and poles for skating:

When buying skis and poles for them, do not try to save on your purchase. The higher the cost of skis, the greater the likelihood that the product is not counterfeit. As a rule, more expensive skis include skis with different sliding side treatments and higher strength. There are also cheap skis on sale, but such skis can break at the most inopportune moment, which will likely lead to injury.

Don't forget, skiing is a sport, and sport is life! If you love skiing, be sure to try skating. Having learned this type of movement, you will be able to move as quickly as possible on skis in almost any terrain conditions.

They have a thousand-year history. It all started from the moment when our ancestors discovered that two planks tied to their feet made it possible not to “drown” even in the deepest snow. As for the history of cross-country skiing, this sport originated in the second half of the eighteenth century. It is not surprising that today there are different skiing techniques.

If we also continue to talk about history, then this style of skiing as skating was poorly known until 1984. Until that moment, skiing was mostly done using classical techniques.

"Father" of skating

Skating became popular thanks to a Swedish athlete named Svan Gunde. Thanks to this style of skating, the athlete became legendary. He went down in skiing history as the youngest Olympic champion. The athlete won his first Olympics at the age of 22. Throughout his career, Svan Gunde climbed to the Olympic podium for gold medals four times. The Swede won awards by skiing at high speeds exclusively using skating. The skier pushed off with a long pole, which was later replaced with modified ski poles. It is not surprising that after such a presentation many famous athletes began to master skating.

Skating: features

The main feature of skating is that, compared to other techniques, a skier can develop very high speeds. Externally, the movements of a skier are similar to those of a speed skater. It is because of this similarity that the technique received its name - skating.

The technique itself involves pushing back and then to the side using the inner edge of one of the skis. During this action, the skier shifts his weight to the other sliding ski, and similar actions are repeated on the other leg. Compared to the classical technique, this style does not involve stopping the move. If we talk about the hands, then when skating, the athlete pushes off with ski poles simultaneously or alternately with the rhythm of the legs.

Skating: types

Since the triumph of the Swedish athlete, experienced coaches and skiers have made some improvements to the skating stroke. Today there are several types of this technology:

One-step. This type of skating is considered the fastest. It is usually used by professional skiers in the decisive sections of cross-country skiing.

Two-step simultaneous. This type is considered the most universal, which is often called single-support sliding. As a rule, with the help of such moves, skiers cover more than half of the race track.

Alternating two-step. This move is considered the least fast and is used mainly on the most difficult sections of the ski slope, for example, on steep climbs.

Half-horse. This style, which is also called hybrid, is when one ski moves along the classic profile of the ski track, and the other along the track without a profile, that is, compacted.

Skate without ski poles. This move is considered amateur. Since the lack of ski poles slows down the movement. But this style is very popular, including among professional skiers, during training.

Skating is not an easy technique. Therefore, many professionals advise learning its basics under the supervision of an experienced trainer.